乳酸菌与纤维素酶对草甸草原天然牧草青贮品质的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2017.05.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探讨不同添加剂对天然牧草青贮的影响，提高天然牧草青贮的利用效率，指导天然牧草的生产与利用。本研究以草甸草原盛花期的天然牧草为材料，设置6个处理组，分别为SLAB（真空袋，乳酸菌（2×10⁵ cfu·g^-1））、SCE（真空袋，纤维素酶（0.8 g·kg^-1））、SCK（真空袋，无添加，对照）、BLAB（青贮窖，乳酸菌（2×10⁵ cfu·g^-1））、BCE（青贮窖，纤维素酶（0.8 g·kg^-1））、BCK（青贮窖，无添加，对照），每组3个重复，青贮60 d后对不同添加天然牧草青贮饲料的微生物组成、发酵品质、营养成分进行比较分析。结果表明，所有添加剂组青贮效果均较好。添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶均可显著提高天然牧草青贮的乳酸菌含量、乳酸含量和乳酸/乙酸含量（P<0.05），青贮乳酸菌组乳酸菌含量高于纤维素酶组，添加剂提高蛋白质保存率（P<0.05），显著提高可溶性碳水化合物利用率（P<0.05），显著降低pH、氨态氮/总氮和酸性洗涤纤维含量（P<0.05），显著降低酵母菌含量（P<0.05），对灰分含量无显著影响（P>0.05）。综上表明，乳酸菌更适于用作天然牧草青贮饲料的添加剂，可在草原牧区将天然牧草由小包装青贮向大规模青贮推广应用。

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of different additives on natural grass silages, and improve the utilization of natural grass silage for guiding the production and utilization of natural grass. The natural grasses at full-bloom stage in meadow steppe were used as silage materials, and 6 treatments were designed, SLAB (vacuum bags, lactic acid bacteria(adding 2×10⁵ cfu·g^-1)), SCE (vacuum bags, cellulase(adding 0.8 g·kg^-1)), SCK (vacuum bags, without adding, control), BLAB (silo, lactic acid bacteria (adding 2 × 10⁵ cfu·g^-1)), BCE (silo, cellulase(adding 0.8 g·kg^-1)), BCK (silo, without adding, control), each group had 3 replicates, and after ensiling for 60 d, the fermentation quality, microorganisms population and chemical composition were analyzed. The results showed that all treatments with additives showed good silage effects. Lactic acid bacteria(LAB)-treated and cellulase(CE)-treated could significantly increase the content of lactic acid bacteria, lactic acid and lactic acid/acetic acid(P < 0.05), the content of lactic acid of LAB-treated were higher than that of CE-treated, the additives increased the preserved rate of CP (P<0.05) and significantly increased the utilization rate of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) (P<0.05), significantly decreased the pH, NH₃-N/Total N (AN/TN) and ADF (P<0.05), and significantly decreased the population of yeasts (P<0.05), the content of Ash were not significantly different from each other (P>0.05). The results indicate that lactic acid bacteria is more suitable for natural grasses silage, and it can be popularized and applied in the pastoral areas from small-scale silage to large-scale silage for natural grasses.

中图分类号:

S816.7

侯美玲, 杜珠梅, 范文强, 王伟, 格根图, 刘亚红, 贾玉山. 乳酸菌与纤维素酶对草甸草原天然牧草青贮品质的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2017, 48(5): 871-880.

HOU Mei-ling, DU Zhu-mei, FAN Wen-qiang, WANG Wei, GE Gen-tu, LIU Ya-hong, JIA Yu-shan. The Effects of Treating with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Cellulase on Silage Fermentation of Natural Grasses in Meadow Steppe[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2017, 48(5): 871-880.

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https://www.xmsyxb.com/CN/Y2017/V48/I5/871

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